GLOSSARY

Raw data, also referred to as primary data or source data, describes data that has been collected from a source but hasn't been subjected to processing or any other form of manipulation by human researchers or computer programs. In the context of data processing, the term raw data is relative, since data already processed at a particular stage of the research can still be considered "raw" for the purpose of the following stage.

Related terms: Open Data, Data sharing, Field Data, FAIR principles 

Found in: https://www.techtarget.com/searchdatamanagement/definition/raw-data

Registered Reports are a publication format in which the research question and the quality of methodology are peer reviewed before the data are collected and analysed.

Usually provide feedback on:

• The importance of the area of study / research question
• The soundness of the research questions
• The quality / rigor of the proposed methodology

Repository is a digital platform that ingests, stores, manages, preserves, and provides access to digital content. A repository should support a commonly accepted metadata standard and have a protocol enabling metadata exchange. 

Repositories are usually classified into: 

• subject/disciplinary, 
• institutional and 
• generalist repositories. 

It is recommended to deposit research outputs in a trusted repository, i.e. in a repository that operates in accordance with relevant standards and best practice, provides long-term access and preservation, and ensures compliance with the FAIR principles. Trusted repositories include certified or community-recognised repositories, stable institutional repositories and generalist repositories (such as Zenodo).

Practical advice:

A quality of research outputs in which the authors provide enough information for others to repeat the process of data acquisition and/or analysis. This is distinct from Replicability, which corresponds to the repeatability of the results of the experiment. 

Reproducibility is important for the transparency and rigour of research outputs, and therefore a key component in Open Research.

Researchers across science have reported being unable to replicate key experiments in their respective fields, bringing into question many accepted published results. 

[1] Turing Way -  Guide for Reproducible Research, https://the-turing-way.netlify.app/reproducible-research/overview/overview-definitions.html
[2] 1,500 scientists lift the lid on reproducibility, https://www.nature.com/articles/533452a

Research culture is the collection of behaviours, values, expectations, assumptions, and norms of research communities. Consequently, it defines how the value of quality and diversity of research practice and outputs is acknowledged, and thus, how it is evaluated, supported, and rewarded.

References:

Casci T., Adams E. (2020) [Journal article]. Research Culture: Setting the right tone. eLife 9:e55543. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.55543 

The Royal Society. (2018) [video]. What is research culture? 

• The RDA Vision: Researchers and innovators openly share and re-use data across technologies, disciplines, and countries to address the grand challenges of society.
• The RDA Mission: RDA builds the social and technical bridges that enable open sharing and re-use of data.

RDA has a grass-roots, inclusive approach covering all data lifecycle stages, engaging data producers, users and stewards, addressing data exchange, processing, and storage. It has succeeded in creating the neutral social platform where international research data experts meet to exchange views and to agree on topics including social hurdles on data sharing, education and training challenges, data management plans and certification of data repositories, disciplinary and interdisciplinary interoperability, as well as technological aspects

""The Rights Retention Strategy (RRS) enables authors to exercise the rights they have on their manuscripts to deposit a copy of the Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) in a repository on publication and provide open access to it. To help researchers acknowledge and assert their rights, cOAlition S is launching an online campaign, under the theme “Publish with Power: Protect your rights“. The campaign aims to encourage researchers to retain their intellectual property rights, explains the steps they need to take and highlights the benefits for them and also for science and society. Below is a suite of resources about the Rights Retention Strategy, freely available for downloading, using and sharing.

cOAlition S has produced a number of resources that are available to be used freely by institutional support staff such as librarians, as part of their support services for their researchers. Some are released under an open licence and can therefore be adapted for use in a local setting. "

Reference: https://www.coalition-s.org/resources/rights-retention-strategy/